As used in this chapter:

(1) "Assessment" means any charge that the association imposes, including:
     (a) common expenses on or against a unit owner in accordance with the provisions of the declaration, bylaws, or this chapter; and
     (b) an amount that an association of unit owners assesses to a unit owner under Subsection 57-8-43(9)(g).

(2) "Association of unit owners" means all of the unit owners:
     (a) acting as a group in accordance with the declaration and bylaws; or
     (b) organized as a legal entity in accordance with the declaration.

(3) "Building" means a building, containing units, and comprising a part of the property.

(4) "Commercial condominium project" means a condominium project that has no residential units within the project.

(5) "Common areas and facilities"^fn1 unless otherwise provided in the declaration or lawful amendments to the declaration means:
     (a) the land included within the condominium project, whether leasehold or in fee simple;
     (b) the foundations, columns, girders, beams, supports, main walls, roofs, halls, corridors, lobbies, stairs, stairways, fire escapes, entrances, and exits of the building;
     (c) the basements, yards, gardens, parking areas, and storage spaces;
     (d) the premises for lodging of janitors or persons in charge of the property;
     (e) installations of central services such as power, light, gas, hot and cold water, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, and incinerating;
     (f) the elevators, tanks, pumps, motors, fans, compressors, ducts, and in general all apparatus and installations existing for common use;
     (g) such community and commercial facilities as may be provided for in the declaration; and
     (h) all other parts of the property necessary or convenient to its existence, maintenance, and safety, or normally in common use.

(6) "Common expenses" means:
     (a) all sums lawfully assessed against the unit owners;
     (b) expenses of administration, maintenance, repair, or replacement of the common areas and facilities;
     (c) expenses agreed upon as common expenses by the association of unit owners; and
     (d) expenses declared common expenses by this chapter, or by the declaration or the bylaws.

(7) "Common profits," unless otherwise provided in the declaration or lawful amendments to the declaration, means the balance of all income, rents, profits, and revenues from the common areas and facilities remaining after the deduction of the common expenses.

(8) "Condominium" means the ownership of a single unit in a multiunit project together with an undivided interest in common in the common areas and facilities of the property.

(9) "Condominium plat" means a plat or plats of survey of land and units prepared in accordance with Section 57-8-13.

(10) (a) "Condominium project" means a real estate condominium project; a plan or project whereby two or more units, whether contained in existing or proposed apartments, commercial or industrial buildings or structures, or otherwise, are separately offered or proposed to be offered for sale.
      (b) "Condominium project" includes the property when the context so requires.

(11) (a)"Condominium unit" means a unit together with the undivided interest in the common areas and facilities appertaining to that unit.
      (b) "Condominium unit" includes both a physical unit together with the physical unit's appurtenant undivided interest in the common areas and facilities and a time period unit together with the time period unit's appurtenant undivided interest, unless the term is specifically limited to a time period unit.

(12) (a) "Contractible condominium" means a condominium project from which one or more portions of the land within the project may be withdrawn in accordance with provisions of the declaration and of this chapter.
      (b) "Contractible condominium" does not include a condominium project where the withdrawal described in Subsection (12)(a) can occur only by the expiration or termination of one or more leases.

(13) "Convertible land" means a building site which is a portion of the common areas and facilities, described by metes and bounds, within which additional units or limited common areas and facilities may be created in accordance with this chapter.

(14) "Convertible space" means a portion of the structure within the condominium project, which portion may be converted into one or more units or common areas and facilities, including limited common areas and facilities in accordance with this chapter.

(15) "Declarant" means all persons who execute the declaration or on whose behalf the declaration is executed.^fn2 
      (b) "Declarant" includes:
            (i) a person that executes an amendment to the declaration expanding an expandable condominium;
            (ii) a person on whose behalf a person executes an amendment described in Subsection (15)(b)(i); and
            (iii) a successor of a person described in Subsection (15)(a) that comes to stand in the same relation to the condominium project as the person's predecessor.

(16) "Declaration" means the instrument by which the property is submitted to the provisions of this chapter, as the declaration from time to time may be lawfully amended.

(17) "Electrical corporation" means the same as that term is defined in Section 54-2-1.

(18) "Expandable condominium" means a condominium project to which additional land or an interest in a condominium project may be added in accordance with the declaration and this chapter.

(19) "Gas corporation" means the same as that term is defined in Section 54-2-1.

(20) "Governing documents":
    (a) means a written instrument by which an association of unit owners may:
         (i) exercise powers; or
         (ii) manage, maintain, or otherwise affect the property under the jurisdiction of the association of unit owners; and
    (b) includes:
          (i) articles of incorporation;
         (ii) bylaws;
         (iii) a plat;
         (iv) a declaration of covenants, conditions, and restrictions; and
         (v) rules of the association of unit owners.

(21) "Independent third party" means a person that:
     (a) is not related to the unit owner;
     (b) shares no pecuniary interests with the unit owner; and
     (c) purchases the unit in good faith and without the intent to defraud a current or future lienholder.

(22) "Judicial foreclosure" means a foreclosure of a unit:
     (a) for the nonpayment of an assessment;
     (b) in the manner provided by law for the foreclosure of a mortgage on real property; and
     (c) as provided in this chapter.

(23) (a) "Leasehold condominium" means a condominium project in all or any portion of which each unit owner owns an estate for years in the unit owner's unit, or in the land upon which that unit is situated, or both, with all those leasehold interests to expire naturally at the same time.
      (b) "Leasehold condominium" does not include a condominium project including leased land, or an interest in the land, upon which no units are situated or to be situated.

(24) "Limited common areas and facilities"^fn3 means the common areas and facilities designated in the declaration as reserved for use of a certain unit or units to the exclusion of the other units.

(25) "Majority" or "majority of the unit owners," unless otherwise provided in the declaration or lawful amendments to the declaration, means the owners of more than 50% in the aggregate in interest of the undivided ownership of the common areas and facilities.

(26) "Management committee" means the committee as provided in the declaration charged with and having the responsibility and authority to make and to enforce all of the reasonable rules covering the operation and maintenance of the property.

(27) "Management committee meeting" means a gathering of a management committee, whether in person or by means of electronic communication, at which the management committee can take binding action.

(28) "Manager" means a person with whom the management committee enters into a contract for the person to:
      (a) provide administrative or financial services for the association; or
      (b) act on behalf of the association in accordance with this chapter.

(29)(a) "Means of electronic communication" means an electronic system that allows individuals to communicate orally in real time.
     (b) "Means of electronic communication" includes:
         (i) web conferencing;
         (ii) video conferencing; and
         (iii) telephone conferencing.

(30) "Mixed-use condominium project" means a condominium project that has both residential and commercial units in the condominium project.

(31) "Nonjudicial foreclosure" means the sale of a unit:
     (a) for the nonpayment of an assessment;
     (b) in the same manner as the sale of trust property under Sections 57-1-19 through 57-1-34; and
     (c) as provided in this chapter.

(32) "Par value" means a number of dollars or points assigned to each unit by the declaration in accordance with the following:
      (a) the declaration shall assign substantially identical units the same par value;
      (b) units located at substantially different heights above the ground, or having substantially different views, or having substantially different amenities or other characteristics that might result in differences in market value, may be considered substantially identical for purposes of Subsection (32)(a); and
      (c) if the declaration states par value in terms of dollars:
            (i) the dollar amount may not be considered to reflect or control the sales price or fair market value of a unit; and
            (ii) an opinion, an appraisal, or a fair market transaction at a different figure may not affect:
                 (A) the par value of a unit; or
                 (B) an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities, voting rights in the unit owners' association, liability for , or right to common profits, that the declaration assigns on the basis of the par value.

(33) "Period of administrative control" means the period of control described in Subsection 57-8-16.5(1).

(34) "Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, trustee, or other legal entity.

(35) "Political sign" means a sign or document that advocates for:
     (a) the election or defeat of a candidate for public office; or
     (b) the approval or defeat of a ballot proposition.

(36) "Property" means:
      (a) the land, whether leasehold or in fee simple,
      (b) the building, if any,
      (c) all improvements and structures on the land,
      (d) all easements, rights, and appurtenances belonging to the land, and
      (e) all articles of personal property intended for use in connection with the land.

(37) "Protected area" means the same as that term is defined in 53-29-306.

(38) "Record," "recording," "recorded," and "recorder" mean the same as the terms are defined in Chapter 3, Recording of Documents.

(39) "Rentals" or "rental unit" means:
     (a) a unit that:
          (i) is not owned by an entity or trust; and
          (ii) an individual occupies while the unit owner is not occupying the unit as the unit owner's primary residence; or
     (b) an occupied unit that an entity or trust owns, regardless of who occupies the unit.

(40) (a) "Size" means the number of cubic feet, or the number of square feet of ground or floor space, within each unit as computed by reference to the record of survey map and rounded off to a whole number.
      (b) "Size" does not include the following within a unit, if when making the calculation described in Subsection (40)(a), the following are omitted or partially discounted by the use of a ratio, the same basis of calculation is employed for all units in the condominium project, and that basis is described in the declaration:
            (i) an attic;
            (ii) a basement; or
            (iii) a garage space.

(41) "Time period unit" means an annually recurring part or parts of a year specified in the declaration as a period for which a unit is separately owned and includes a timeshare estate as that term is defined in Section 57-19-2.

(42) "Unconstructed unit" means a unit that:
     (a) is intended, as depicted in the condominium plat, to be fully or partially contained in a building; and
     (b) is not constructed.

(43)(a) "Unit"^fn4 means a separate part of the property intended for any type of independent use, which is created by the recording of a declaration and a condominium plat that describes the unit boundaries.
     (b) "Unit" includes
            (i) one or more rooms or spaces located in one or more floors or a portion of a floor in a building.
            (ii) a convertible space, in accordance with Subsection 57-8-13.4(3).

(44) "Unit number" means the number, letter, or combination of numbers and letters designating the unit in the declaration and in the record of survey map.

(45) "Unit owner" means the person or persons owning a unit in fee simple and an undivided interest in the fee simple estate of the common areas and facilities in the percentage specified and established in the declaration or, in the case of a leasehold condominium project, the person or persons whose leasehold interest or interests in the condominium unit extend for the entire balance of the unexpired term or terms.

(46) "Water wise landscaping" means:
     (a) installation of plant materials, suited to the microclimate and soil conditions, that can:
          (i) remain healthy with minimal irrigation once established; or
          (ii) be maintained without the use of overhead spray irrigation;
     (b) use of water for outdoor irrigation through proper and efficient irrigation design and water application; or
     (c) use of other landscape design features that:
          (i) minimize the landscape's need for supplemental water from irrigation;
          (ii) reduce the landscape area dedicated to lawn or turf; or
          (iii) encourage vegetative coverage.

(47) "Water wise plant material" means a plant material suited to water wise landscaping.

History:  Enacted 1963.  Amended 1975;  1986;  1987;  1994;  2003, eff. May 5, 2003;  2008, eff. May 5, 2008;  2011, ch. 355, eff. May 10, 2011;  2012, ch. 166, eff. May 8, 2012;  2013, ch’s 95, 152, eff. May 14, 2013;  2015, ch’s 22, 213, 34, 325, eff. May 12, 2015; ch. 387, eff. July 1, 2015;  2016, ch. 210, eff. March 23, 2016, ch. 255, eff. May 10, 2016;  2017, ch. 131, eff. May 9, 2017; 2020, ch. 398, eff. May 12, 2020; 2023, ch. 503, eff. May 3, 2023; 2024, ch. 519, eff. May 1, 2024; 2025, ch.'s 291, eff. May 7, 2025; 2026, ch. 62, eff. May 6, 2026.